What’s emerging
- Engineered gene circuits
- Modular biological “parts”
- Cells as sensors, factories, or logic systems
Why it’s promising
- Platform technologies with applications across therapeutics, diagnostics, and manufacturing
- Cross-disciplinary innovation (biology + engineering + computation)
IP significance
- Boundary-setting is critical: where does abstraction end?
- Strong tension between platform claims and biological variability
- Prior art often appears in engineering-oriented biology journals
BioTech IP Review 
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